An ECJ advocate general has suggested that management holding companies be allowed an input tax deduction in proportion to the taxable/total turnover of their subsidiaries and that partnership subsidiaries should not be excluded from joining a VAT Group.
An advocate general has suggested the ECJ hold that fuel oil for high seas shipping be billed free of VAT even if the invoice is addressed to a broker, rather than to the shipping line.
The Supreme Tax Court has held the 80% deduction from income chargeable to trade tax from shipping operations in international waters to be available regardless of a short or long term intention to continue the operation. If, however, the ship had already been sold prior to commissioning, the capital gain is not derived from an international operation and is chargeable to trade tax in full.
The Supreme Tax Court has held the tonnage tax hidden reserve of a shipping partnership to be taxable in Germany on the withdrawal of a Belgian partner from the partnership.